Unanticipated events can lead to sensory prediction errors and improper muscle co-contractions, potentially resulting in musculoskeletal injury. These tools, however, lack ecological validity, as their required movements are anticipated, whereas responding to unanticipated events and simultaneous performance of cognitive and motor tasks are typically required during athletic activities. Other means of assessing quality of human movement have been developed and studied extensively, including the Functional Movement Screen, Star Excursion Balance Test, and the Landing Error Scoring System. However, they have limited clinical application due to financial, spatial, and temporal costs and expertise needed to collect and interpret data. Lab-based three-dimensional (3D) motion capture systems are the gold standard in functional movement analysis, with reported excellent reliability (ICC 3,k > 0.93) and validity (☐.198 mm) (). Portable and convenient acquisition of accurate movement assessment data is necessary for effective injury risk identification and ultimate prevention of sport-related injury.

Prevention strategies are critical to enhance physical performance, optimize health, minimize health-care expenses, and avoid chronic dysfunction and disability. Movement screenings, along with proper corrective interventions, are essential components of injury prevention.

Functional movement assessments are used by sports medicine clinicians to identify movement dysfunction for purposes of injury prevention, evaluation, rehabilitation, and return to activity decisions.

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